In this article you will learn:

• what polarized training means,

• why it works,

• how you structure your training afterwards,

• and whether 80/20 is really the key to better performance.

What is polarized training?

With polarized training, you divide your training sessions into two extreme zones:

• 80% loose (Zone 1–2)

• 20% hard (Zone 4–5)

• nothing in between (Zone 3)

The idea: You either ride really relaxed – or really intensely. You consistently avoid the "grey mediocrity."

This training method is in contrast to many amateur athletes who unconsciously train too hard for easy and too easy for hard – and thus get stuck in the so-called moderate overkill.

What does science say?

Norwegian sports scientist Stephen Seiler coined the term "polarized training" after analyzing the training protocols of world-class endurance athletes. The patterns were striking:

• Around 80% of the units were low-intensity – for example, basic endurance in zone 2

• The remaining 20% included high-intensity intervals, such as VO2max or sprint intervals

• Medium-intensity units (Zone 3) were deliberately avoided

Studies with cyclists, cross-country skiers and triathletes showed:
👉 Polarized training leads to better performance gains than classic threshold training or a high proportion of moderate intensity.

Why does the 80/20 principle work?

The advantages lie in the targeted separation of training stimuli:

1. Efficient fat burning and endurance building (Zone 1–2)

At low intensity, your body preferentially burns fat, improves capillary circulation, and trains the mitochondria — the "powerhouses of the cells." At the same time, the stress level is so low that you recover quickly and can train more frequently.

2. Targeted performance stimuli through HIT (Zone 4–5)

Short, hard sessions increase VO2 max, lactate tolerance, and anaerobic capacity. Your body will learn to work efficiently at high intensities — a key for sprints, attacks, and tough climbs.

3. Avoiding chronic fatigue

Moderate intensity (Zone 3) may feel athletic, but it doesn't provide optimal fat burning or the desired cardiovascular stimulus. At the same time, the strain is high enough to negatively impact recovery.

Conclusion: If you train smart, you separate basic training from performance stimuli – and that is exactly what the 80/20 model does.

What does this look like in practice?

Suppose you train 10 hours per week:

• 8 hours easy: quiet basic rides, easy GA1 units, Zone 2

• 2 hours intensive: e.g. 2x weekly interval sessions (e.g. VO2max, sprints, threshold intervals)

Important: The breakdown refers to training time, not units. A tough HIT unit often lasts only 45–60 minutes, but is highly intense.

Example week for 80/20 training

Total duration: Approx. 10 h – of which 2.25 h intensive (22.5 %) → almost polarized

Who is polarized training suitable for?

✅ Ambitious amateur athletes with regular training times
✅ Long-distance cyclist, Gran Fondo starter, Brevet lover
✅ Professional or elite riders who train in a structured and performance-oriented manner

Polarized training is also useful for beginners – provided the hard units are measured and executed with good technique.

The most common mistakes in 80/20 training

❌ Too hard in the easy units
Many people ride in zone 2 even though they think they're in zone 1. Use a heart rate monitor or wattage monitor!

❌ Too lax with the hard stimuli
A VO2 max interval isn't a fast GA2 ride. Really intense = breathing difficult, speaking barely possible.

❌ Lack of structure
Simply "somewhat relaxed and a sprint" isn't polarized training. Plan carefully!

Tools and technology: How to manage polarized training

• A heart rate monitor or ideally a wattage measurement will help you to accurately hit your training zones.

• Use apps like Strava, TrainingPeaks, Garmin Connect, Wahoo SYSTM or Komoot to track your intensities.

• Pay attention to your heart rate variability (HRV) to assess recovery.

Criticism of the 80/20 model?

Not all coaches are enthusiastic. Some consider the rigid 80/20 ratio too inflexible — especially with lower training volumes. Mental aspects also play a role: If you only ride 5–6 hours per week, too much focus on polarization can seem monotonous.

👉 Therefore, it's important to focus on the principle, not the percentage. Separate loosely and rigidly — whether that's 75/25 or 85/15 isn't important.

Conclusion: 80/20 – Train smarter instead of harder

Polarized training is not a short-term trend, but a method proven by studies and practice to improve endurance and performance in the long term – without falling into the overload trap.

If you want to use your training time efficiently, the following applies:

• Drive consciously relaxed more often

• Train hard less often – but then properly

• Leave mediocrity behind

With the right implementation, 80/20 quickly becomes more than just hype – but a sustainable training strategy.

Already polarized? Share your experiences in the comments or write which zone you find most difficult—relaxed or intense?